Overview of the Greek Job Market
As of 2025, the Greek job market continues to reflect the country's economic transition and modernization efforts. Following a period of significant structural reforms, the market is characterized by a mix of traditional industries and a rapidly expanding digital and service-oriented economy. For foreign nationals, understanding the structure of the labor market is essential for navigating employment opportunities and legal requirements.
The Greek economy is primarily service-based, with the tertiary sector accounting for approximately 80% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Employment is concentrated in urban centers, specifically Athens and Thessaloniki, although seasonal opportunities are prevalent in the islands and coastal regions.
Current labor regulations are governed by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security. For official updates on labor laws, visitors can refer to the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs website.
Key Economic Sectors and Employment Hubs
The Greek job market is structured around several pillars. While tourism remains the largest employer, other sectors provide substantial opportunities for specialized foreign professionals.
Tourism and Hospitality
This sector is the "heavy industry" of Greece. It experiences a massive surge from April to October. Jobs range from seasonal service roles to high-level management in international hotel chains. Many positions in this sector are located in Crete, the South Aegean, and the Ionian Islands.
Maritime and Shipping
Greece maintains one of the largest merchant fleets in the world. The shipping industry is centered in Piraeus and provides roles in logistics, maritime law, engineering, and brokerage. This sector often requires specific international certifications and English proficiency.
Technology and Digital Services
In recent years, Greece has emerged as a regional tech hub. The government has introduced incentives for tech companies and digital nomads. Hubs in Athens and Thessaloniki host international tech giants and a growing startup ecosystem focusing on fintech, agritech, and energy.
Agriculture and Exports
The primary sector remains significant for the export of olive oil, wine, and feta cheese. While largely manual, there is a growing demand for experts in sustainable farming and international supply chain management.
Employment Conditions and Remuneration
Employment in Greece is regulated by a framework of collective bargaining agreements and statutory laws. The standard working week is 40 hours, typically spread over five days. Overtime is permitted but must be compensated at higher rates as defined by law.
Minimum Wage and Salaries
The Greek government reviews the minimum wage annually. As of January 2025, the statutory minimum monthly wage for a full-time employee is 830 EUR ($871 USD, Jan 2026). This figure is subject to adjustments based on years of previous experience ("triennies").
- 13th and 14th Salaries: In the private sector, employees are entitled to a full extra month's salary at Christmas, a half-month at Easter, and a half-month for summer vacation.
- Average Salaries: Specialized roles in IT or Finance in Athens typically range from 1,500 EUR ($1,575 USD, Jan 2026) to 3,000 EUR ($3,150 USD, Jan 2026) per month, depending on seniority.
Contract Types
Most formal employment falls into two categories:
- Indefinite Duration (Aoristou): The standard permanent contract with no set end date.
- Fixed-Term (Orismenou): Often used for seasonal work or specific projects.
- Independent Contractors (Dele-At): Common for freelancers, requiring a "Service Provision Receipt" (APY).
Administrative Requirements for Foreigners
To legally enter the Greek job market, foreign nationals must obtain specific identification numbers and, if they are non-EU citizens, the appropriate work authorization.
Mandatory Registrations
All workers in Greece, regardless of nationality, must possess the following:
- AFM (Arithmos Forologikou Mitrou): A 9-digit Tax Identification Number issued by the Independent Authority for Public Revenue (AADE).
- AMKA (Arithmos Mitrou Koinonikis Asfalisis): A Social Security Number required for access to healthcare and insurance. Details can be found at amka.gr.
- EFKA Registration: The Single Social Security Fund. Employers are responsible for registering employees and paying contributions.
Work Permits by Nationality
The rules for entering the job market depend on the individual's citizenship:
- EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens: Have the right to work without a permit but must apply for a registration certificate (Registration Document) if staying longer than 90 days.
- Non-EU Citizens (Third-Country Nationals): Generally require a D-Visa for work and a subsequent Residence Permit. Specific categories include the Blue Card (for highly qualified workers) and the Seasonal Work Visa.
- Digital Nomads: Greece offers a specific Digital Nomad Visa for those employed by companies outside Greece.